33 research outputs found
A Model for Emergency Service of VoIP Through Certification and Labeling
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) will transform many aspects of
traditional telephony service including technology, the business models
and the regulatory constructs that govern such service. This
transformation is generating a host of technical, business, social and
policy problems. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) could
attempt to mandate obligations or specific solutions to the policy
issues around VoIP, but is instead looking first to industry initiatives
focused on key functionality that users have come to expect of
telecommunications services. High among these desired functionalities is
access to emergency services that allow a user to summon fire, medical
or law enforcement agencies. Such services were traditionally required
(and subsequently implemented) through state and federal regulations.
Reproducing emergency services in the VoIP space has proven to be a
considerable task, if for no other reason then the wide and diverse
variety of VoIP implementations and implementers. Regardless of this
difficulty, emergency service capability is a critical social concern,
making it is particularly important for the industry to propose viable
solutions for promoting VoIP emergency services before regulators are
compelled to mandate a solution, an outcome that often suffers
compromises both through demands on expertise that may be better
represented in industry and through the mechanisms of political
influence and regulatory capture. While technical and business
communities have, in fact, made considerable progress in this area,
significant uncertainty and deployment problems still exist. The
question we ask is: can an industry based certification and labeling
process credibly address social and policy expectations regarding
emergency services and VoIP, thus avoiding the need for government
regulation at this critical time?1 We hypothesize that it can. To
establish this, we developed just such a model for VoIP emergency
service compliance through industry certification and device labeling.
The intent of this model is to support a wide range of emergency service
implementations while providing the user some validation that the
service will operate as anticipated. To do this we first examine
possible technical implementations for emergency services for VoIP.
Next, we summarize the theory of certification as self-regulation and
examine several relevant examples. Finally, we synthesize a specific
model for certification of VoIP emergency services. We believe that the
model we describe provides both short term and long-term opportunities.
In the short term, an industry driven effort to solve the important
current problem of emergency services in VoIP, if properly structured
and overseen as we suggest, should be both effective and efficient. In
the long term, such a process can serve as a model for the application
of self-regulation to social policy goals in telecommunications, an
attractive tool to have as telecommunications becomes increasingly
diverse and heterogeneous
Generalized hybrid beamforming for vehicular connectivity using THz massive MIMO
Hybrid beamforming (HBF) array structure has been extensively demonstrated as the practically-feasible architecture for massive MIMO. From the perspectives of spectral efficiency (SE), energy efficiency (EE), cost and hardware complexity, HBF strikes a balanced performance tradeoff when compared to the fully-analog and the fully-digital implementations. Using the HBF architecture, it is possible to realize three different subarray structures, specifically the fully-connected, the sub-connected and the overlapped subarray structures. This paper presents a novel generalized framework for the design and performance analysis of the HBF architecture. A parameter, known as the subarray spacing, is introduced such that varying its value leads to the different subarray configurations and the consequent changes in system performance. Using a realistic power consumption model, we investigate the performance of the generalized HBF array structure in a cellular infrastructure-to-everything (C-I2X) application scenario (involving pedestrian and vehicular users) using the single-path terahertz (THz) channel model. Simulation results are provided for the comparative performance analysis of the different subarray structures. The results show that the overlapped subarray implementation maintains a balanced tradeoff in terms of SE, EE and hardware cost when compared to the popular fully-connected and the sub-connected structures. The overlapped subarray structure, therefore, offers promising potentials for the beyond-5G networks employing THz massive MIMO to deliver ultra-high data rates whilst maintaining a balance in the EE of the network
Proceedings of the 36th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences- 2003 Applying a Layered Policy Model to IP Based Voice Services
Traditionally, specific telecommunications services were essentially confined to certain types of networks; e.g., television over broadcast networks or cable and voice service over wireline or wireless networks. Regulations were built around the underlying infrastructure. The regulations imposed on these providers were as stratified as the networks and the services they carried. Convergence of services onto non-traditional platforms creates a dilemma where the rules no longer conform to the infrastructure. This creates inconsistencies and gives rise to problems such as: market, investment, and interconnection distortions, as well as universal service, accessibility (for the disabled) and public safety concerns